DRUG DOSAGE REGIMEN FOR GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE PROPHYLAXIS IN STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: A REVIEW

Abstract

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening immunological complication that frequently follows allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), a curative option for several hematological malignancies and non-malignant disorders. GVHD arises when donor-derived T lymphocytes recognize the recipient’s tissues as foreign, leading to systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction. It is clinically categorized into acute and chronic forms, each with distinct etiopathological features. Preventive strategies aim to mitigate GVHD while preserving graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. This review summarizes the pathogenesis, classification, risk factors, and evolving pharmacological approaches used for GVHD prophylaxis, emphasizing their mechanisms and clinical outcomes.