EXAMINING THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF WOMEN MIGRANT WORKERS

Abstract

The ongoing urbanization in Tamil Nadu, akin to several other states, has significantly bolstered the construction industry's expansion. This sector becomes a primary source of employment for many unskilled and semi-skilled laborers seeking livelihood opportunities as it permeates our state. However, the migration from rural to urban areas in pursuit of improved working and living standards often proves to be an elusive prospect. The reality at destinations like Tamil Nadu is frequently harsh, distressing, and dismal for migrants, yet the influx persists due to even more precarious conditions prevailing in their places of origin, where basic survival is not assured.

This study examines the experiences of 500 migrant women laborers engaged in construction work in Chennai, shedding light on their struggles. Predominantly originating from neighboring states such as Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, and West Bengal, these women have migrated over the past four decades. Roughly 80% of them belong to Scheduled Castes and are landless agricultural laborers, finding it challenging to sustain themselves in their hometowns, prompting their migration to Tamil Nadu with hopes and aspirations for a better life.

Furthermore, the paper deliberates on the significance of offering skill development opportunities and the role of social safeguards by aiding construction workers in registering and availing benefits under state provisions like the 'Building and Other Construction Workers Act, 1996,' and the 'Building and Other Construction Workers’ Welfare CESS Act, 1996.' Despite substantial funds allocated for workers' welfare, the lack of coherent planning, dedication, and sensitivity in utilizing these funds often results in their underutilization. Most migrant women laborers reside in slums, facing challenges similar to those in their places of origin, with many toiling strenuously to make ends meet. Injuries and accidents are prevalent among them, yet they rarely receive compensation and are often dismissed, particularly if the accidents lead to disabilities.

Basic amenities and improved living conditions remain elusive for these individuals, who essentially constitute the backbone of urbanization through their contributions to construction work in cities. The diverse characteristics of the female workforce, coupled with the escalating informal nature of employment and lack of visibility, emphasize the urgent need to enhance employability standards and expand social protection measures.

Keywords: Women Workers, Construction, Accidents, Chennai, Association.