WOMEN IN PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

Abstract

India is known as the world's largest democracy, with over half of its population residing in rural areas. Women hold a vital role in Indian society, constituting nearly half of the nation's population. Their significance in shaping the development of Indian society has been evident since ancient times. Despite women making up approximately fifty percent of the global population, their representation in political positions within the government remains disappointingly low, accounting for less than ten percent.

The 73rd Constitution Amendment Act is a significant milestone in the progression of grassroots democratic institutions in India. This act conferred constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), marking a momentous step toward decentralizing power and promoting local self-governance. However, the reservation of seats for women, particularly for positions of authority such as chairpersons, faced opposition. Some viewed these roles as sources of power, status, and opportunities for personal gain, leading to reluctance among males and political parties to cede them to women.

This reluctance stemmed from the belief that women might not be inclined to engage in practices aimed at personal financial gain. Furthermore, women were seen as less easily manipulated, especially in the context of the traditional gender divide. Maintaining appearances in the presence of women in leadership positions also posed a challenge for those accustomed to a male-dominated landscape.

The 73rd Constitution Amendment Act was a significant step toward rectifying this imbalance, though it faced resistance, especially concerning the reservation of leadership positions for women. Breaking down these barriers and promoting gender equality in politics remains a crucial goal for India's democratic development.

Keywords- Panchayati Raj, Women Participation, local bodies’ governance